Rock and metal have a long history of gatekeeping, mostly by blokes who think having a Y chromosome makes them better at holding a guitar or screaming into a microphone. But the best parts of the genre didn’t happen by following the rules; they happened when women got tired of the “no girls allowed” sign and decided to burn the treehouse down.

Here are the top 5 feminist moments in rock and metal history.

5. The Rise of Symphonic Metal

Symphonic metal acted as a massive structural shift for the industry. A woman’s voice became the literal anchor for an entire stadium-filling subgenre. Nightwish, Within Temptation, Epica, and their peers saw women as the architects of a sound that moved millions of records, shifting them off the sidelines and into the lead designer’s chair for good.

4. Angela Gossow Joins Arch Enemy

Industry “experts” spent a long time claiming women’s vocal cords weren’t built for extreme growls. Angela Gossow proved them wrong. While others had done it before, she was the one who made the scene actually pay attention. She sounded more terrifying than most of the singers on the circuit. Her success with Arch Enemy ended that boring debate for good and turned female death metal vocalists into a standard part of the genre.

3. The Riot Grrrl Movement

The Riot Grrrl movement was the 90s fix for a punk scene that had become a hostile environment for women. This underground shift was about women finally calling out sexism and abuse from the stage. The lyrics didn’t pull any punches, tackling everything from rape to gender inequality with a raw, DIY energy that gave women a way to vent their own frustration. Kathleen Hanna famously led the charge by shouting “Girls to the front” to physically reclaim the floor. It turned the venue into a space where women could actually watch the show without being crushed, proving that being loud and angry was a valid way to take up space.

2. Doro Pesch Fronts Warlock

Heavy metal in the 80s was a glorified boys’ club with an excessive budget for hairspray. Doro Pesch ignored the unwritten rules and fronted Warlock, out-singing every frontman on the circuit. She earned the “Metal Queen” title by being better at the job than the people who thought she didn’t belong there. It was a straightforward takeover of a scene that was trying its hardest to pretend women didn’t exist.

1. Joan Jett starts Blackheart Records

Joan Jett spent the years after The Runaways being told “no” by twenty-three different labels. Most people would have packed it in, but she just started Blackheart Records and sold albums out of the back of her car. When “I Love Rock ’n Roll” hit number one and stayed there for seven weeks, it proved the industry gatekeepers were redundant. It remains the ultimate blueprint for anyone who doesn’t want to wait for a permission slip from a suit to start a career.

Rock and metal are better off because these women stopped asking for permission. What was your favorite empowering and feminist moment in metal and rock?